Infectious Mononucleosis

Last updated: 17 January 2008

What is infectious mononucleosis?

Infectious mononucleosis (sometimes called glandular fever) is caused by infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV).

What are the symptoms?

• Infection with EBV usually causes no or few symptoms in young children
• Teenagers and adults are more likely to become sick if infected
• Symptoms include fever, sore throat, swollen lymph glands, tiredness, and feeling generally unwell. The doctor may find swelling of the spleen or liver
• The illness usually lasts between one week and several weeks. A small proportion of people can be sick for months
• Most people make a complete recovery
• Once infected, the virus remains in the body for life.

How is it spread?

• Infectious mononucleosis is spread from person to person through direct contact with saliva
• It can be spread from people who are sick with the illness or by healthy people who carry and can spread the virus intermittently for life
• The time from infection to appearance of symptoms ranges from 4 to 6 weeks.

Who is at risk?

• Anybody who has not been previously infected can get infected with EBV. By the time they are adults, most people will have been infected but only a proportion will have had symptoms
• Rarely, symptoms can recur in people with poorly functioning immune systems.

How is it prevented?

Spread of the virus can be prevented through:

• Careful hand washing with soap and running water, especially after sneezing and coughing and before touching other people
• Avoiding saliva contact (eg; kissing) with people who are sick with infectious mononucleosis
• Thorough cleaning with soap and water of soiled objects, such as toys of sick children.
• Don't share drink containers

How is it diagnosed?

A blood test can confirm the diagnosis in a patient who is suspected to have infectious mononucleosis. This includes a blood count and a 'mono spot' test.

How is it treated?

There is no specific treatment for infectious mononucleosis. Your doctor can advise on treatment for symptoms such as fever and sore throat. Rest and a balanced diet may be helpful.

What is the public health response?

Infectious mononucleosis is not notifiable in NSW. Cases are not excluded from childcare, school or work, but should be advised to rest at home until they feel better and on how to help prevent spread.