Thrush/Candidiasis

Thrush is type of yeast that occurs naturally in both men and women. It is not a sexually transmitted infection. At times, the yeast reproduces more than usual and causes symptom.

Last updated: 19 June 2008

What is Thrush/Candidiasis?

Candidiasis is commonly called thrush. It is a condition caused by an overgrowth of yeast called Candida albicans. It is a very common condition in women.

What are the symptoms?

In women symptoms include:
• A change in vaginal discharge. It may have a slight yeasty odour and appear thick and yellow or white.
• The skin around the vagina may become red, inflamed, itchy and swollen. This may extend to around the anus.

Men can also develop thrush under the foreskin and on the head of the penis, which can appear as an itchy rash or redness with swelling.

How is it spread?

Candidiasis is not considered a sexually transmissible infection. Sex can alter the balance of the normal vaginal or penile environment, allowing the condition to develop.

Who is at risk?

It's normal for men and women to have small amounts of this type of yeast in the genital area but a range of factors may cause it to overgrow. Factors that can cause an overgrowth of yeast include:
• some antibiotic treatments
• diabetes
• pregnancy
• soaps and detergents used in the genital area
• tight clothing that promotes excessive sweating

How is it prevented?

Candidiasis is not considered a sexually transmitted infection. Some of the suggestions below may be helpful to avoid thrush developing or recurring:
- Wear looser fitting, cooler clothing and choose clothes made of cotton or natural fibres.
- Rinse and dry under the foreskin daily and after sex.
- Avoid soaps, gels, sanitary perfumes, bubble baths and bath salts when washing.
- Minimise the use of antibiotics or request Candida treatment when prescribed antibiotics, if this has previously been a trigger for you

How is it diagnosed?

Most candidiasis can be diagnosed by a simple genital examination. A swab from the affected area can also be taken and tested in a laboratory.

How is it treated?

Most symptoms can be relieved with vaginal/skin anti-fungal creams or pessaries (tablets which are inserted into the vagina) that can be purchased over the counter at a chemist. If you have treated yourself for thrush and it doesn't get better, seek medical advice.

What is the public health response?

Further Information

Sexual Health Information Line (02) 9382 7440 or Freecall 1800 451 624 (outside Sydney).

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