Bacterial Vaginosis

Bacterial vaginosis is an infection caused by an imbalance in normal vaginal flora. It is not sexually transmitted.

Last updated: 19 June 2008

What is bacterial vaginosis?

Bacterial vaginosis is not a sexually transmitted infection. It occurs when there is an imbalance of natural flora (bacteria) in the vagina. It is not something you 'catch', but it does occur in women who have sex. This is because semen changes the level of acidity in the vagina which encourages the vaginosis bacteria to over-grow.

What are the symptoms?

Sometimes there are symptoms such as an unusual vaginal discharge or an unpleasant smell. Often there are no symptoms at all.

How is it spread?

Bacterial vaginosis is not sexually transmitted so it cannot be given to someone or caught.

Who is at risk?

The people most at risk of developing bacterial vaginosis are women who:
• are sexually active, particularly women with new sex partners
• douche (squirt water or other fluid into the vagina to clean it)

How is it prevented?

Women can reduce the chance of developing bacterial vaginosis if they:
• avoid douching
• avoid using perfumed oils, soaps, gels and creams on their genitals
• use a condom during sex
• clean sex toys between use
• change sanitary pads or tampons regularly

How is it diagnosed?

Bacterial vaginosis is usually found by taking a swab (using a long cotton bud) from the vagina and testing it in a laboratory.

How is it treated?

Bacterial vaginosis can be effectively treated by taking a course of antibiotics or by applying a cream. It is important to finish the course of antibiotics, even if the symptoms go away. If there are no symptoms, or the symptoms are not causing problems, then treatment is not necessary; visit a doctor to discuss treatment options.

Bacterial vaginosis is associated with an increased risk of premature birth, so pregnant woman with symptoms should be tested. Bacterial vaginosis also increases the risk of complications following gynaecological procedures (including termination of pregnancy and insertion of IUCDs) and for this reason, women with signs of BV may be treated prior to the procedure.

Women who have recurrent bacterial vaginosis may want to ask their male partners to use condoms for a few months to reduce the possibility of semen causing an imbalance of flora in the vagina.

What is the public health response?

Further Information

Sexual Health Information Line (02) 9382 7440 or Freecall 1800 451 624 (outside Sydney).

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