| Health Sector |
The health sector consists of organized public and private
health services (including health promotion, disease prevention, diagnostic,
treatment and care services), the policies and activities of health
departments and ministries, health related non-government organizations
(NGOs) and community groups and professional associations. |
| Health Status |
A description and/or measurement of the health of an
individual or population at a particular point in time against identifiable
standards, usually by references to health indicators. Health target
Health targets state, for a given population, the amount of change
(using a health indicator) which could be reasonably expected within
a defined time period. |
| Health Targets |
Targets are generally based on specific and measurable
changes in health outcomes, or intermediate health outcomes. |
| Healthy cities |
A healthy city is one that is continually creating and
improving those physical and social environments and expanding those
community resources which enable people to mutually support each other
in performing all the functions of life and in developing to their
maximum potential. |
| Healthy public policy |
Healthy public policy is characterized by an explicit
concern for health and equity in all areas of policy, and by an accountability
for health impact. The main aim of healthy public policy is to create
a supportive environment to enable people to lead healthy lives. Such
a policy makes health choices possible or easier for citizens. It
makes social and physical environments health enhancing. |
| Intersectoral collaboration |
A recognised relationship between part or parts of different
sectors of society which has been formed to take action on an issue
to achieve health outcomes or intermediate health outcomes in a way
which is more effective, efficient or sustaibable than might be achieved
by the health sector acting alone. |
| Jakarta Declaration |
The Jakarta Declaration on Leading Health Promotion
into the 21st Century from July 1997 identifies five priorities: Promote
social responsibility for health; Increase investments for health
development; Expand partnerships for health promotion; Increase community
capacity and empower the individual; Secure an infrastructure for
health promotion. |
| Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion, 1986 |
The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion of 1986 identifies
three basic strategies for health promotion. These are advocacy for
health to create essential conditions for health; enabling all people
to achieve their full health potential; and mediating between the
different interests in society in the pursuit of health. These strategies
are supported by five priority action areas: Build health public policy;
Create supportive environments for health; Strengthen community action
for health; Develop personal skills; and Re-orient health services.
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| Partnership for health promotion |
A partnership for health promotion is a voluntary agreement
between two or more partners to work cooperatively towards a set of
shared health outcomes. |
| Primary health care |
Primary health care is essential health care made accessible
at a cost a country and community can afford, with methods that are
practical, scientifically sound and socially acceptable. |
| Public health |
The science and art of promoting health, preventing
disease, and prolonging life through the organised efforts of society.
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| Re-orienting health services |
Health services re-orientation is characterizedby a
more explicit concern for the achievement of population health outcomes
in the ways in which the health system is organized and funded. This
must lead to a change of attitude and organization of health services,
which focuses on the needs of the individual as a whole person, balanced
against the needs of population groups. |
| Settings for health |
The place or social context in which people engage in
daily activities in which environmental, organizational and personal
factors interact to affect health and wellbeing. |
| Social capital |
Social capital represents the degree of social cohesion
which exists in communities. It refers to the processes between people
which establish networks, norms, and social trust, and facilitate
coordination and cooperation for mutual benefit. |
| Social marketing |
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| Social responsibility for health |
Social responsibility for health is reflected by the
actions of decision makers in both public and private sector to pursue
policies and practices which promote and protect health. |
| Sustainable development |
Sustainable development is defined as development that
meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of
future generations to meet their own needs. It incorporates many elements,
and all sectors, including the health sector, which must contribute
to achieve it. |
Social support |
That assistance available to individuals and groups
from within communities which can provide a buffer against adverse
life events and living conditions, and can provide a positive resource
for enhancing the quality of life. |
Supportive environments for health |
Supportive environments for health offer people protection
from threats to health, and enable people to expand their capabilities
and develop self reliance in health. They encompass where people live,
their local community, their home, where they work and play, including
people's access to resources for health, and opportunities for empowerment.
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