NSW Vector-Borne Diseases Annual Report - 2020-21

​​​​​​​Summary

​​This report summarises NSW vector-borne disease (VBD) surveillance data for notifiable arboviruses (arthropod-borne viruses) and other notifiable arthropod-borne diseases in humans for 2020 to 2021. The report notes changes in notifications over time and describes likely areas of disease acquisition for both local and exotic infections.

NSW Health undertakes VBD surveillance to monitor VBD trends with the aim of implementing control measures to prevent further illness within the community from endemic local VBDs (such as Ross River virus and Barmah Forest virus), and to inform appropriate prevention messages for travellers to areas of the world with exotic vector-borne diseases (such as dengue, chikungunya, malaria and Zika virus).

​​Key trends in 2020/2021

  • 2020 saw a significant increase in locally acquired Barmah Forest and Ross River virus cases, driven by heavy rainfall and flooding in early February, which boosted mosquito activity.
  • ​Mid North Coast recorded highest for human case notifications
  • ​COVID-19 border closures from March 2020 resulted in significantly reduced notifications of exotic mosquito-borne diseases.​
  • All mosquito-borne disease notifications fell in 2021 due to ongoingpandemic- related travel restrictions.
  • Notifications of Barmah Forest and Ross River virus decreased in 2021 compared to 2020.
  • Murrumbidgee Local Health District became the region with the highest rate of human cases of VBDs in 2021.
  • No human notifications of West Nile/Kunjin virus, Japanese Encephalitis virus, Yellow fever, Murray Valley Encephalitis, Typhus or other VBDs were reported in 2020 and 2021.​

Notified incidence of local and exotic vector-borne diseases in NSW

​​2020

​​​Local mosqutio-borne diseases

  • Barmah Forest Virus 
    • Cases in 2020: 271
    • Rate per 100,000 people: 3.3
    • ​ 5-Year Average: 97.6 cases, rate 1.2
    • Change from 2019: Increased by 330%
  • Ross River Virus 
    • Cases in 2020: 1,992
    • Rate per 100,000 people: 24.6
    • 5-Year Average: 1,009.8 cases, rate 12.9
    • Change from 2019: Increased by 234%
  • Kunjin Virus 
    • Cases in 2020: 0 
    • Rate: 0
    • 5 -Year Average: 0.4 cases 
    • Change from 2019: Not applicable (less than 10 cases)
  • Murray Valley Encephalitis
    • ​Cases in 2020: 0 
    • Rate: 0
    • 5-Year-Average: 0 cases 
    • Change from 2019: No change 

Exotic mosqutio-borne diseases

  • Chikungunya
    • ​Cases in 2020: 8 
    • Rate: 0.1
    • 5-Year-Average: 34.4 cases, rate 0.4
    • Change from 2019: Decreased by 77%​
  • ​Dengue 
    • ​Cases in 2020: 78
    • Rate: 1
    • 5-Year-Average: 378.8 cases, rate 4.8
    • Change from 2019: Decreased by 83%​
  • Japanese Encephalitis
    • Cases in 2020: 0 
    • Rate: 0 
    • 5-Year-Average: 0 cases 
    • Change from 2019: No change
  • Malaria
    • Cases in 2020: 25
    • Rate: 0.3
    • 5-Year-Average: 62.6 cases, rate 0.8
    • Change from 2019: Decreased by 66%
  • ​Yellow Fever 
    • Cases in 2020: 0 
    • Rate: 0
    • 5-Year-Average: 0 cases
    • Change from 2019: No change
  • Zika Virus 
    • Cases in 2020: 1
    • Rate: 0 
    • 5-Year-Average: 8.4 cases, rate 0.1
    • Change from 2019: Not applicable (less than 10 cases)

​Other vector-borne diseases

  • Epidemic Typhus
    • ​Cases in 2020: 0 
    • Rate: 0 
    • 5-Year-Average: 0 cases 
    • Changes from 2019: No change​

​​​2021​​

​​Local mosquito-borne diseases

  • Barmah Forest Virus 
    • Cases in 2021: 113
    • Rate per 100,000 people: 1.4
    • ​5-Year Average: 114.8 cases, rate 1.4
    • Change from 2020: Decreased by -58%
  • Ross River Virus 
    • ​Cases in 2021: 662
    • Rate per 100,000 people: 8.2
    • ​5-Year Average: 1084 cases, rate 13.6
    • Change from 2020: Decreased by -58%
  • Kunjin Virus 
    • Cases in 2021: 0
    • Rate per 100,000 people: 0
    • ​5-Year Average: 0.2 cases, rate 0
    • Change from 2020:  n/a^​
  • Murray Valley Enceephalitis 
    • Cases in 2021: 1
    • Rate per 100,000 people: 0
    • ​5-Year Average: 0 cases, rate 0
    • Change from 2020:  n/a^

​​Exotic mosqutio-borne diseases

  • Chikungunya 
    • Cases in 2021: 0
    • Rate per 100,000 people: 0
    • ​5-Year Average: 28.4 cases, rate 0.4
    • Change from 2020:  n/a^
  • Dengue
    • Cases in 2021: 3 
    • Rate per 100,000 people: 0 
    • 5-Year-Average: 325.8 cases, rate 4.1
    • Change from 2020: -96%
  • Japanese Encephalitis 
    • Cases in 2021: 0
    • Rate per 100,000 people: 0
    • 5-Year-Average: 0 cases, rate 0
    • Change from 2020: 0 %
  • Malaria
    • Cases in 2021: 8 
    • Rate per 100,000 people: 0.1 
    • 5-Year-Average: 58.2 cases, rate 0.7
    • Change from 2020:  -68%
  • Yellow Fever 
    • Cases in 2021: 0
    • Rate per 100,000 people: 0
    • 5-Year-Average: 0 cases, rate 0
    • Change from 2020: 0%
  • Zike Virus
    • ​Cases in 2021: 0 
    • Rate per 100,000 people: 0
    • 5-Year-Average: 8.4 cases, rate 0.1
    • Change from 2020:  n/a^​

​Other vector-borne diseases

Epidemic Typhus

  • Cases in 2021: 0
  • Rate per 100,000 people​: 0 
  • 5-Year-Average: 0 cases, rate 0 
  • Change from 2020: ​0%​
*Cases per 100,000 population, NSW (See Methods section population calculations).
# Percentage change in conditions case count in 2021 relative to the 2020 case count. ​
^​% change with notifications counts of <10 is not repeated as does not proportionately reflect change.

​​Further information

Further information on notifications for particular vector-borne diseases is available - see Infectious diseases data​ and select the condition of interest. Various data filters are available, including date range, age-group, gender and local health district.

Surveillance of VBD infections in humans is supported by local mosquito and sentinel chicken surveillance activities under the NSW Arbovirus and Mosquito Monitoring Surveillance Program​. Annual arbovirus and vector monitoring surveillance reports are published by the Environmental Health Branch during the arbovirus season (from late spring to early autumn).

File Size: 1665 kb
Type: Report
Date of Publication: 20 January 2026
Author: One Health
SHPN: (HP NSW) 260014
ISSN: 978-1-74231-345-0