Children (birth to 5 years)

Good oral health is important for your child’s overall health. Early habits help protect teeth for life.

Baby (primary) teeth help children to:

• eat and speak clearly
• support jaw and face development
• hold space for adult teeth

Tooth decay

Tooth decay can start as soon as the first tooth appears in the mouth.

Early signs include white spots or lines on teeth. These can turn brown or form cavities (or holes). If untreated, tooth decay can cause pain, infection and problems eating, sleeping and concentrating. Severe cases may need treatment in hospital.

Decay-causing bacteria can be passed from adults to children. Avoid sharing spoons, bottles or dummies, and look after your own teeth.

What increases the risk?

• Frequent intake of sugary foods and drinks.
• Juice, cordial, soft drink.
• Bottles at bedtime.
• Sipping sweet drinks during the day.
• Not brushing teeth regularly.

Keeping teeth healthy

Food and drinks

• Use only breast milk or infant formula in bottles.
• Remove the bottle after feeding.
• Offer a cup from around 6 months.
• Offer healthy snacks.
• Keep sugary foods and drinks for special occasions.
• Water is the best everyday drink.
• Tap water should be boiled and cooled for children until they are 12 months of age.

Toothbrushing

• Clean gums with a damp cloth before teeth appear.
• 4–18 months: when teeth start appearing, brush them twice a day. Use a small soft-bristled toothbrush, no toothpaste.
• From 18 months: brush teeth twice daily with a small smear of fluoride toothpaste.
• Encourage spitting, not swallowing.
• Do not rinse after brushing.
• Help your child brush until about 8 years old.

Dental check-ups

• Check your child’s teeth each month by lifting their lip and looking for any changes to their teeth.
• Have teeth checked at all child health check appointments (Blue Book).
• First dental practitioner visit by 12 months of age.
• Continue regular dental check‑ups.

All NSW children under 18 years can access free dental care at public dental services. Some Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisations also offer dental care.

Parents or guardians must sign a Child Dental Benefits Schedule (CDBS) Bulk Billing Patient Consent Form. If a child is not eligible for CDBS or has already used their benefit, care is still provided at no cost.

Teething, dummies and injuries

• Teething usually starts around 6 months.
  
• Use a cold cloth or teething ring for comfort.
  
• If using a dummy, never dip them in sweet foods or liquid.
  
• If a dental injury occurs, see a dental practitioner immediately.

Need more information?

Speak with your dental practitioner, doctor, or Child and Family Health Nurse for advice about your child’s oral health.